The beauty and sophistication that is Cherokee Art bear the signature of a resilient people who have thrived for centuries. It remains a significant part of the Cherokee Nation’s rich and complex history. This article will take deep dive into Cherokee Art – the craftsmanship, symbolism, and spiritual essence – and how it reflects the history, culture, and spirituality of the Cherokee people. Through this exploration, we hope to gain insight into the lives and unique art expressions of this prominent Native American tribe.
Historical Overview
The Cherokees are a Native American tribe indigenous to the Southeastern United States, specifically the areas now known as North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Tennessee. Historical records date the Cherokee back to 1000 BCE, though archaeological evidence suggests their presence goes back even further.
Cherokee culture was heavily influenced by its interpretation of spirituality and their surroundings. Their interaction with nature made them exceptional artisans[^1^]. It was through these art forms that the Cherokee communicated their relations with the cosmos and their place within it.
[^1^]: Voice of the Cherokee Nation, “Cherokee Arts”, 2020 – Cherokee Arts
Types of Cherokee Art
Pottery
Cherokee pottery is perhaps one of the most common and significant forms of Cherokee craftsmanship. Traditional Cherokee pottery was made from river clay. The clay was often mixed with crushed shells or stones for strength. Before firing in open pit kilns, the potters burnished the pots until they shone.
While modern Cherokee potters now use kilns like many western potters, the traditional methods, forms, and designs continue to be applied. The pottery often features carvings and representations of significant animals from Cherokee mythology such as the serpent, water spider and turtle[^2^].
Basketry
Cherokee people are renowned for their basketry skills. Their intricate designs resonated nature’s balance and beauty, featuring patterns of plants, animals, and traditional motifs. The unique double weave technique of the Cherokee, creating sturdy and elegant baskets, continues to be a revered art form. This practice was primarily passed down through generations of Cherokee women[^3^].
[^2^]: Museum of the Cherokee Indian, “Cherokee Pottery”, 2021 – Cherokee Pottery
[^3^]: Rebecca J. Sams-Evans, “Cherokee Doubleweave Basketry”, 2019 – Cherokee Doubleweave Basketry
Beadwork
Similarly, Cherokees have a rich history in beadwork. Their ornamental beadwork extended beyond the realm of jewelry to the adornment of clothing and other types of decoration. The historically traditional method of beadwork is known as the “loom technique.” Each design has a symbolic message, often conveying aspects of Cherokee spirituality, heritage, and worldview[^4^].
[^4^]: Cherokee Nation Cultural Resource Center, “Cherokee Beadwork”, 2020 – Cherokee Beadwork
Symbolism in Cherokee Art
Art served as a significant conveyor of symbolism for the Cherokee people. The symbols used in Cherokee beadwork, pottery, and basketry often reflect aspects of their cosmology, societal roles, and cultural values. One potent symbol is the “uktena,” a horned serpent and powerful figure in Cherokee mythology, frequently depicted in their art.
The circle is another prominent symbol representing the balance of life. Everything in the universe, according to the Cherokee view, is interconnected in a circular fashion. This belief explains the abundance of circle designs and spiral patterns found in Cherokee Art.
The colors used in Cherokee Art also have symbolic meaning:
– Red symbolizes success, triumph
– White signifies peace, happiness, purity
– Black denotes power, mystery, death, and the Unknown
Conclusion
Cherokee Art is a rich cultural context that preserves and conveys the spirit, history, and worldview of the Cherokee people. Whether it is through pottery, beadwork, or basketry, the Cherokee found ways to express their views of spirituality, nature, and their place in the cosmos. The study of these symbols in their art provides valuable insights into the Cherokee way of life, one imbued with deep reverence for their tradition, heritage, and spirituality. An understanding of Cherokee art expands our perception of the diversity and depth of human cultural expression.